![]() ![]() ![]() Our results find support for temporal heterogeneity in the factors associated with changes in diversification rates. The effects of these factors on origination and extinction are estimated across the entire time frame as well as within sequential time windows of 20 Myr each. Here, we use a large fossil dataset, a multivariate birth–death model and a comprehensive set of biotic and abiotic predictors, including a new index to quantify tectonic complexity, to estimate the drivers of diversification for European freshwater gastropods over the past 100 Myr. However, whether the impact of biotic and abiotic controls on diversification changes over time is poorly understood. Numerous studies have proposed different sets of biotic and abiotic controls of speciation and extinction rates, but typically they were inferred for a single, long geological time frame. Unravelling the drivers of species diversification through geological time is of crucial importance for our understanding of long-term evolutionary processes.
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